Guidance on prevention and control of wheat pests and diseases in autumn and winter

It is of great significance to do a good job in controlling the pests and diseases of wheat in the sowing period, to reduce the initial amount of pests and diseases, to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases at the seedling stage, and to ensure the effective control of wheat pests and diseases throughout the year. In order to implement the spirit of the Autumn and Winter Conference of the Ministry of Agriculture in 2015 , we will further strengthen the wheat seeding and seed dressing and the prevention and control of pests and diseases in autumn and winter. Our center and the National Wheat Industry System Pest Control and Prevention Function Research Office will organize relevant experts to combine the spring and summer of 2015 wheat pests and diseases. In view of the occurrence, the guiding opinions on the prevention and control of major pests and diseases of wheat in autumn and winter in different producing areas of China were put forward.

 

(1) Highlight key areas and targets for prevention and control.

 

According to the winter wheat planting situation and the occurrence of pests and diseases in China this year, the prevention and control of wheat pests and diseases in autumn and winter is mainly in the Huanghuaihai wheat area, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the southwest wheat area and the northwest wheat area. The Huanghuaihai wheat area is dominated by sheath blight, root rot, total erosion, smut, cyst nematode, yellow mosaic disease, underground pests and weeds, and also treats seedling rust, powdery mildew, mites and gray fly.è™± and other pests. The wheat areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are mainly affected by sheath blight, total erosion, smut and head smut, and a few fields have underground pest damage. The southwestern wheat area is dominated by wheat stripe rust, taking into account pests such as scab, powdery mildew, wheat stubble, wheat spiders and underground pests. Wheat stripe rust, powdery mildew, head smut and underground pests are the main control objects in the northwest wheat area.

 

(2) Planting resistant (resistant) pests and diseases.

 

Southern Huanghuai stripe rust is often prone area should be made early in the year round, the retransmission Zhoumai planting area 17, Yu-Mai 34, Yumai49, yumai 69, 19 new wheat, Xinong 979, six anti Xiaoyan Rust slow rust variety. For areas with serious cyst nematode disease, planting space , No. 6 , Zhongyu No. 6 , Xinmai 11, etc. , should be selected . New wheat cultivar and new-producing areas of wheat yellow mosaic disease can be planted with new varieties such as Xinmai 208 , Yumai 70-36 , Panmai 5 , Yumai 70 and Zhengmai 366 . In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the wheat field and the scab recurrence area should have certain resistance to disease resistance to diseases such as scab and reduce the pressure of using chemical agents to control wheat scab. The southwestern wheat area is mainly resistant to stripe rust. According to local conditions, Mianzai 168 , Mianmai 37 , Mianmai 39 , Mianmai 41 , Mianmai 43 , Mianmai 45 , Chuanmai 42 , Chuanong 18 , Xi Kemai No. 2, No. 18 Emai, Yunmai No. 2, 15 Qian wheat, wheat weeks 17, 53, etc. Wanmai resistant varieties. The northwest wheat area is the summer strip area of ​​wheat stripe rust. In different altitude areas of this area, the selection of wheat varieties with different disease resistance genes plays an important role in controlling the spread of wheat stripe rust and the initial bacterial source. In the wheat areas around the Yuexia District, such as the Minnan Mountain Area and Liupan Mountain, the varieties resistant to (resistant) diseases should be planted according to the situation. According to the situation, other areas in the northwestern wheat area should try to select high-quality local varieties with high disease resistance and high yield.

 

(3) Chemical dressing.

 

According to the condition of pests and diseases, high-efficiency suspension seed coating agents such as tebuconazole, difenoconazole, fludioxonil, diphenyl ether, and flavonol are used to prevent disease by wheat seed coating, and coating with appropriate amount of imidacloprid suspension coating agent Pests, yellow dwarf disease and bushy dwarf disease, the combination of the two can cure the main pests and diseases in the seedling stage. In the strip rust disease summer area and its surrounding wheat area, seed dressings such as triadimefon and tebuconazole are used for seed dressing, and the stripe rust, powdery mildew and prevention of smut in the late stage are also treated. In the total eclipse-producing area, the seedlings or coatings of the difenotropium suspension seed coating agent and the thiabendazole (all-etching) suspension agent are mainly used; the phoxim or chlorpyrifos seed dressing can be selected for the underground pests; For the field where the disease and underground pests are particularly serious, the soil treatment should be carried out. A variety of disease and pest mixed areas, according to the local major pests and diseases, can be coated with a fungicide and insecticide compounding agent or seed dressing for coating or seed treatment. The active ingredients of the individual ingredients in the compounding agent should be substantially the same as when used alone. In the areas where seedling stage aphids, wheat spiders and underground pests are more harmful, seed dressing is carried out with phoxim or imidacloprid suspension seed coating.

 

(4) Agricultural measures.

 

In the Huanghuai wheat area, the corn stalks are returned to the field, and fine soil preparation should be done. The corn stalks should be buried in the soil as much as possible, and the residual stalks of the seedlings should be cleaned up. After the emergence, the winter irrigation and the suppression of the wheat seedlings should be combined. In areas or areas where cyst nematode disease is severely affected, it is important to promote the suppression of disease control measures after sowing and autumn seedlings. In the summer area of ​​wheat stripe rust, the method of artificially eradicating and spraying herbicides should be used to remove the self-produced wheat seedlings. According to the lyrics during the sowing period, the suitable sowing time should be adopted to reduce the infestation of stripe rust in the seedling stage, reduce the disease at the seedling stage, and reduce the autumn seedlings. Source quantity.

 

(5) Autumn seedling prevention and control.

 

According to the incidence of autumn saplings such as stripe rust, powdery mildew and sheath blight, when the disease occurs seriously, carry out the spot protection. In the southern part of the stripe rust fungus winter area, strengthen monitoring, chemical control of early diseased fields, chemical agents can be controlled with triazole fungicide spray. In the seedling stage of sheath blight, it is necessary to strengthen monitoring and early prevention and control; in the Weibei dryland area, Gansu Longdong area, Longnan area, southern Ningxia winter wheat area, on the basis of seed dressing prevention, attention should be paid to prevention and control. Seedling stage aphids to prevent the occurrence of wheat yellow dwarf disease. Early winged aphids can be trapped by yellow plates, and chemical control can be controlled by spraying high-efficiency and low-toxic insecticides such as imidacloprid and pymetrozine.

 

National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center

 

National Wheat Industry System Pest Control and Prevention Function Research Office