Analysis on the development of domestic rolling mill bearing manufacturing technology
Rolling mill bearings are critical components used in the roll necks and rollers of metallurgical, mining, and other rolling mill stands. These bearings are typically cylindrical roller bearings designed to handle radial loads, while deep groove ball bearings, angular contact ball bearings, or tapered roller bearings are used for both radial and thrust load applications. Most rolling mill bearings are lubricated using oil-air or oil-mist systems, ensuring efficient operation and long service life.
The development of oil film bearing technology in rolling mills represents a complex, multidisciplinary engineering system. Its progress reflects the industrial capabilities of a nation. In the early 1950s, only the reversing mill at Anshan Cold Rolling Mill was equipped with oil film bearings, following Soviet regulations. At that time, rolling pressures were low, speeds were limited, and lubrication systems were simple. Despite these constraints, operators maintained strict adherence to procedures, gaining valuable experience in maintenance and operation.
However, due to an incomplete understanding of bearing principles, some improper practices were followed for nearly two years. For example, after installation, a 35N/cm² compression test was conducted on the bearing components, requiring the seal to be rotated until it stopped leaking. Unfortunately, this method led to poor results and short seal life. The seals were "J"-type with a skeleton, relying on lip contact. After the pressure test, they became band-type seals that clung to the rotating surface, which was not as effective. Nevertheless, this marked the beginning of China's successful implementation of oil film bearings.
In the early 1960s, China started producing its own oil film bearings. Notable examples include the φ1300mm roll oil film bearing at Wuhan Iron and Steel’s 4200mm thick plate mill, the φ300mm rack roll bearing at Benxi Iron and Steel, and the φ1700mm hot strip mill support roll bearing. These installations demonstrated the growing maturity of the technology.
As multi-stand rolling mills began to use oil film bearings, operational techniques improved significantly. Professional teams were formed, with dedicated workspaces and closed oil film bearing rooms. Maintenance and lubrication personnel had clear roles and standardized procedures, leading to more scientific and efficient management. With structural improvements and updated lubrication systems, the performance of bearings and their maintenance systems saw substantial enhancement compared to the 1950s.
By the 1970s and 1980s, China introduced advanced oil film bearings from foreign manufacturers like Mogoil and Mesta. Training programs ensured that technicians and workers could operate the equipment safely and continuously. This marked the convergence of Chinese rolling mill oil film bearing technology with global standards.
Since the 1990s, China has widely adopted oil film bearings, including Mogoil and Goyle models. Bearings are now found in various rolling mills such as wire rod mills, single-stand reversing mills, semi-continuous, and continuous mills. A wide range of bearing types—Soviet-style, TZ brand, Mesta, and Mogoil—are available, making China one of the most comprehensive markets for rolling mill oil film bearings.
Luoyang, a key industrial city, has played a significant role in bearing manufacturing. Companies like Luoyang Huigong Bearing Technology Co., Ltd. have become leaders in the industry. Established in 1998, the company specializes in large and extra-large bearings for rolling mills. It has developed several patented technologies and is certified under ISO9001:2008. Its products are exported to over 30 countries and are known for high quality and competitive pricing.
Compared to imported alternatives, domestic rolling mill bearings offer excellent technical performance and cost advantages. Luoyang Huigong has built a strong customer base globally and continues to expand its market presence, achieving steady growth in sales and international recognition.
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