Yellow Sea Outbreaks in the Eight Years in a Row

The Yellow Sea has experienced eight consecutive years of large-scale green tides, dominated by the algae *Enteromorpha*. This recurring phenomenon, often referred to as a "green tide," has become an almost expected summer occurrence along the coasts of Shandong. The pungent smell of seaweed lingers in the air, and local communities have adapted to the task of collecting and disposing of the algae—some even repurposing it for feed or fertilizer. While this practice may seem like turning waste into value, it is a symptom of deeper environmental issues caused by human activity. The root cause lies in the imbalance between economic development and ecological protection. More than 80% of marine pollution originates from land-based sources, including industrial runoff, agricultural chemicals, and untreated sewage. However, the division of responsibilities between China’s environmental protection agencies and marine departments creates a gap in oversight. As a result, the control of land-based pollutants remains fragmented, with the environmental protection department not fully engaging with marine issues and the ocean sector struggling to monitor inland waterways. Experts stress that this disjointed management system must be reformed to create a unified and coordinated approach to marine pollution control and ecological protection. Without such reforms, the health of coastal ecosystems will continue to deteriorate, and the frequency of events like green tides and red tides will likely increase. Red tides, which are caused by blooms of harmful microalgae, are another growing concern. These events are closely linked to human activities, particularly the overuse of nitrogen and phosphorus in agriculture and industry. In 2013 alone, 13 red tides were recorded in the Bohai Sea, covering nearly 1,880 square kilometers. Scientists warn that these phenomena are not natural occurrences but rather warnings from the ocean about the consequences of unchecked pollution. In addition to algal blooms, oil spills have also posed serious threats to marine environments. Major incidents, such as the 2010 Dalian oil pipeline explosion and the 2011 Penglai 19-3 oil spill, have contaminated vast areas of the Bohai Sea. These accidents not only harm marine life but also disrupt local economies, especially those dependent on fishing and tourism. The Bohai Sea, being semi-enclosed, has limited water exchange, making recovery from such disasters slow and difficult. Efforts to improve marine environmental governance are ongoing, but challenges remain. Current laws, such as the Marine Environmental Protection Law, have not been updated since 1999, leaving gaps in legal frameworks for damage compensation and ecological restoration. Experts call for stronger regulations, better enforcement, and increased public awareness to protect the ocean from further degradation. As the Yellow Sea continues to face environmental pressures, it is clear that sustainable development must go hand-in-hand with responsible environmental management. Only through collective action and systemic reform can we hope to preserve the health of our marine ecosystems for future generations.

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