Affected by traditional farming methods and living habits, many farmers have abandoned or even incinerated large amounts of straw after harvesting crops, causing both waste and environmental pollution. The Institute of Soil and Fertilizer of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences found that if 200 kg of straw is returned per mu of cultivated land, about 20% of phosphate and potash fertilizer can be reduced, that is, about 2 kg of potassium chloride and 5 kg of perphosphate can be used per mu of cultivated land. Calcium can save farmers about 15 yuan of fertilizer input per mu. However, it should be noted that straw returning to the field does not effectively increase nitrogen fertilizer, and the amount of urea should be adjusted at an appropriate time.
The safflower is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients. It was used as a green manure in many places before the fertilizer was applied in large quantities. The study found that the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of safflower were 0.48%, 0.11% and 0.24%, respectively. That is to say, if 500 kg of safflower was applied per mu of cultivated land, about 5 kg of urea and 5 kg of superphosphate could be reduced. And 2 kg of potassium chloride can save farmers about 25 yuan of fertilizer input per mu. At the same time, the method of planting safflower is simple. After sowing the seeds, “I don’t careâ€, the yield per mu is also about 1500 kg, and the soil structure can be improved. Guo Xisheng reminded that it is appropriate to apply about 500 kilograms per mu of cultivated land, and it is not possible to achieve the best fattening effect with more or less use.
In addition, the application of farmyard manure can also help farmers reduce fertilizer application and save costs. However, the accumulation and application methods of farmyard manure are not correct, which will result in the serious loss of nutrients and the effect of effective fertilization. Wang Guangyu, a researcher at the Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, reminded that when farming, the fertilizer should be sealed to prevent nutrient volatilization and leakage, and the manure should be decomposed to increase the release rate of nutrients and kill various parasites, germs and Weed seeds; farmyard manure should generally be applied to the soil as a base fertilizer, and should not be stored and applied with alkaline fertilizers such as grass ash.
For crops to achieve high yields, spring tillage is the basis. At present, it is the key period of spring ploughing and preparation. Guo Xisheng, director of the Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, suggests that farmers can reduce fertilizer application by returning straw, planting safflower (scientific name Ziyunying) and using farmyard manure. This reduces production costs and environmental protection.
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