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At the dawn of the new century, one of the most talked about issues is how the manufacturing technology of the new century will develop. Not long ago I attended the 50th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Production Engineering (CIRP) in Sydney. The topic of the roundtable discussion at the conference is: the manufacturing industry of the new millennium, which is also the theme of this conference. Below I will discuss some of the views in conjunction with the 50th annual meeting of the International Society of Production Engineering.
1 Green manufacturing and sustainable development have become the world's biggest concern
The development of science and technology has created a miracle of history. But people are also increasingly aware that the resources of nature are limited, and the environment and ecology are suffering enormous damage. Green manufacturing and sustainable development have become one of the most concerned topics, and sustainable development has been listed as China's basic national policy. A series of environmental protection regulations have been formulated internationally. The International Society of Production Engineering has continuously arranged theme reports such as “life cycleâ€, “assembly and disassemblyâ€, “dry cutting method†and “integrated development of assembly and disassembly†for green manufacturing and sustainable development.
At this conference, Professor E. Westkamper of Germany pointed out in the theme report entitled “Life Cycle Management and Evaluation: Insights and Roads to Sustainable Development†that the current threat to human survival is: (1) Natural resources Excessive consumption. Taking energy as an example, according to the current consumption rate, the identified oil, natural gas and coal are only enough for 40, 60 and 185 years respectively. (2) The rapid growth of the population. The global population is growing at a rate of 1.33% per year, and the global population is expected to reach 8.9 billion by 2050. (3) Environmental pollution and destruction of ecological balance. These conditions are also very serious in our country.
To achieve sustainable development, sustainable consumption must be implemented. One of the measures is the need to vigorously develop renewable energy and materials. The use of solar energy and wind energy is receiving more and more attention, and new materials should also be renewable. Green includes not only not polluting the environment, not destroying the ecological balance, but also protecting resources.
To achieve sustainable development of production, sustainable products must be developed. In recent years, there has been a misunderstanding that, with the rapid development of technology, the upgrading of products has accelerated, and the effective service life of products will become shorter and shorter. This understanding and practice must be changed. Another important issue is nanometer measurement. Only accurate measurements can be made to ensure that the manufactured nanodevice meets the required requirements. Capacitive sensors, optical interferometers, and X-ray interferometers achieve resolutions of 10 pm (1 pm = 10-12 m), 80 pm, and 2 pm, respectively. But for measurement, it must be traceable, that is, the definition of the meter can be passed to the object under test. The National Physical Laboratory (NPL), the German National Institute of Physics and Technology (PTB), and the Italian National Metrology Institute are jointly developing a large-scale nanometer measuring instrument that combines a laser interferometer with an X-ray diffractometer. It uses the lattice constant of silicon 220 (0.192015497nm at 100 kPa and 22.5 °C) to subdivide the laser wavelength to achieve sub-nanometer resolution.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) have developed three-dimensional measuring machines with nanometer resolution.
In short, the 21st century machinery manufacturing industry will be informatized, intelligent, networked, integrated, and innovative green manufacturing. Bio-manufacturing technology, MEMS and nanotechnology will be the leading technology in the 21st century machinery manufacturing industry.
In the development of machinery manufacturing, talent and education are the key. New talents should not only have a broad and solid foundation, but also have a strong ability to work and the ability to learn new knowledge. It is necessary to have certain special talents, comprehensive knowledge, innovative ability and spirit. There must also be a high degree of social responsibility and a spirit of cooperation. Education and learning will be lifelong.