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To manage crop diseases and pests in vegetables, it's essential to use eco-friendly and safe alternatives to chemical pesticides. These natural methods not only ensure the safety of the produce but also promote sustainable farming practices. By using these eight effective, pollution-free pesticide preparations, farmers can reduce health risks associated with chemical residues and prevent both acute and chronic poisoning incidents. Here are some practical ways to prepare natural pest control solutions:
1. **Insect Pulp Preparation**
Collect the bodies of pests like cabbage caterpillars, armyworms, cotton bollworms, and ground tigers. Mash them into a pulp and mix 100 grams of the pulp with water. Let it soak for 24 hours, then filter the liquid. Add 50 kg of water and 50 grams of washing powder. This mixture is highly effective against similar pests.
2. **Garlic and Onion Spray**
Crush 20 grams of garlic and onion together, place them in gauze, and soak in 10 liters of water for 24 hours. Stir or filter the solution to create a natural insect repellent. This spray is ideal for controlling beetles, mites, and spider mites.
3. **Grass Ash Solution**
Soak 10 kg of grass ash in water for 24 hours. The resulting filtrate can be used to prevent mites and yellow stalks. If onions, garlic, or leeks are affected by fly infestations, applying 20–30 kg of ash per acre can help control the problem. It also acts as a fertilizer, providing potassium to the plants.
4. **Pigeon Manure Compost**
Mix 1 kg of pigeon manure with 10 liters of water in a jar or container. Let it ferment for 15–20 days, stirring occasionally. After fermentation, this mixture can be applied to the roots of melons, helping to control pests while enriching the soil with nutrients.
5. **Baking Soda Spray**
Prepare a 0.2% baking soda solution (sodium bicarbonate) and spray it on cucumbers and Chinese cabbages. This helps control fungal diseases such as powdery mildew, anthracnose, downy mildew, and cowpea gray mold.
6. **Wheat Bran Bait**
Fry 5 kg of wheat bran, then mix it with 130–150 g of trichlorfon, 250 g of sugar, 50 g of white wine, and 5 kg of water. Apply this bait between plant rows and around the roots during sunny evenings. It effectively controls underground pests like grubs and cockroaches.
7. **Potassium Permanganate Spray**
Dilute potassium permanganate to a 0.2% solution and spray it on crops. It’s effective in preventing powdery mildew on melons. For eggplants, spraying at 800 times dilution after transplanting can significantly reduce disease occurrence.
8. **Eucalyptus Leaf Extract**
Crush 1.5 kg of fresh eucalyptus leaves and mix with 1.5 liters of water. Filter the mixture, then dilute it with 40 liters of water to make a spray. This solution is effective against cabbage caterpillars and other leaf-eating pests. Alternatively, mix 1 part eucalyptus leaves with 3 parts water, let it soak for 2–3 days, and spray to control aphids and caterpillars.
These natural methods provide a safer, more sustainable approach to pest management in vegetable farming. By adopting these techniques, farmers can protect their crops while ensuring the health of consumers and the environment.
*Jincheng Agricultural Comprehensive Service Station, Laizhou City, Shandong Province*
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