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Using eco-friendly pesticides to manage crop diseases and insect pests, especially in vegetable farming, is a safe, cost-effective, and efficient approach. This method helps prevent both acute and chronic poisoning incidents that can result from the use of chemical pesticides. Below are eight natural methods for preparing pollution-free pesticides suitable for use in vegetable cultivation.
1. **Insect Pulp Preparation**
Collect the bodies of cabbage caterpillars, armyworms, cotton bollworms, and ground tigers, mash them into a pulp, and mix 100 grams of the pulp with water. Let it soak for 24 hours, then filter the liquid. Add 50 kg of water and 50 grams of washing powder, mix thoroughly, and you have an effective insecticide that targets similar pests.
2. **Garlic and Onion Spray**
Chop 20 grams of garlic and onion, place them in gauze, and soak in 10 kg of water for 24 hours. Stir or filter the mixture to extract the juice, which makes a powerful spray that controls beetles, mites, and spider mites.
3. **Grass Ash Solution**
Soak 10 kg of grass ash in water for 24 hours, then filter the solution. This preparation helps prevent mites and yellow stalks. For onion, garlic, and leek fly infestations, apply 20–30 kg of ash per acre. It not only controls pests but also acts as a fertilizer.
4. **Pigeon Manure Compost**
Mix 1 kg of pigeon manure with 10 kg of water in a jar or container and let it ferment for 15–20 days. Stir well before use. This organic solution can be applied to the roots of melons, controlling pests while also acting as a natural fertilizer.
5. **Baking Soda Spray**
Prepare a 0.2% baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) solution and spray it on cucumbers and Chinese cabbage. It effectively controls powdery mildew, anthracnose, downy mildew, and cowpea gray mold.
6. **Wheat Bran Insecticide**
Fry 5 kg of wheat bran, add 130–150 g of trichlorfon, 250 g of sugar, and 50 g of white wine to 5 kg of water, mix well, and pour into the container. Apply this mixture between the rows and around the roots of vegetables in the evening to control underground pests like grubs and cockroaches.
7. **Potassium Permanganate Spray**
Dilute potassium permanganate to 0.2% and spray it to prevent powdery mildew in melons. Apply every 5–6 days, or up to 2–3 times if needed. After transplanting eggplants, spraying at 800 times dilution helps prevent disease.
8. **Eucalyptus Leaf Extract**
Mash 1.5 kg of fresh bitter eucalyptus leaves and mix with 1.5 kg of water. Filter the mixture, and then dilute with 40 kg of water to make a pest-repelling solution. This works well against cabbage caterpillars and other pests. Soak 1 part eucalyptus leaves in 3 parts water for 2–3 days, then spray the solution to control aphids and caterpillars.
Jincheng Agricultural Comprehensive Service Station, Laizhou City, Shandong Province
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