Ultrasonic cleaning machines are widely used in the chemical industry, primarily through the process of ultrasonic cavitation. Ultrasonic vibrations refer to high-frequency sound waves that oscillate at 20,000 times per second or more. Today, ultrasound is commonly applied in various fields such as cleaning, cutting, drilling, medical imaging, geological surveys, and non-destructive testing of metals. In the chemical sector, the use of ultrasound has gained significant attention, leading to a new interdisciplinary field known as sonocchemistry.
Since the 1920s, researchers like Richard and Loomis from the United States have explored the effects of ultrasound on solids, liquids, and solutions. Their studies revealed that ultrasonic waves can speed up chemical reactions. However, due to the limited technological development at the time, research and practical applications were constrained. It wasn't until the mid-1980s, with the advancement of ultrasonic equipment, that the application of ultrasound in chemical processes became feasible. This period marked a turning point, allowing for renewed interest in sonocchemistry after decades of dormancy.
In April 1986, the first international conference on sonochemistry was held in the UK. Following this, countries like the US, UK, France, Japan, and Russia began hosting regular conferences to discuss the mechanisms and applications of sonocchemistry. Many valuable academic papers and monographs were published during these events. Today, the focus has shifted toward applying the findings of sonochemical research to industrial production, making it a global area of interest.
While the U.S., Europe, and Japan have made notable progress in industrializing sonocchemistry, China's research in this field started later. Most of the research reports emerged in the 1990s, with universities such as Yunnan University, Tsinghua University, Nanjing University, and South China University of Technology playing a key role in advancing the practical use of ultrasound technology.
The core mechanism behind sonocchemistry is ultrasonic cavitation, which involves the formation and collapse of microscopic bubbles in a liquid under the influence of high-frequency sound waves. This phenomenon is not only crucial in chemical processes but also widely applied in industries such as food processing, medicine, petroleum, and textiles. The potential of ultrasonic technology continues to attract significant attention from scientists and engineers around the world.
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