Hainan's low temperature and rainy, winter melon vegetable cold disease prevention technology to master

From January 2nd to 5th, 2011, due to the influence of cold air, there were continuous rainy weather in the northern, central and eastern parts of the island. In some areas, there was moderate to heavy rain and heavy rain in partial heavy rain. The maximum daily rainfall appeared on the 5th, Wenchang Longlou Town, up to 102.8 mm.

According to statistics, from 08:00 to 6:00 on January 2, 2011, the lowest temperature in the area north of Wuzhi Mountain fell below 15 °C, and Chengmai Fushan Town was 11.8 °C. It is reported that on January 6 and 9, there were two cold air supplements affecting Hainan Province, and the rainy weather in the northern, central and eastern regions will remain until the 13th. From the 6th to the 10th, there were light rains on cloudy days in the north, central and eastern areas, moderate rains in some areas, cloudy and cloudy weather in the west and southern areas, and some small showers; from 11th to 13th, cold air and warmth. The common impact of the airflow will result in significant precipitation over the island. There are small to moderate rains throughout the island. Among them, there are heavy rains in the northern, central and eastern parts of the country.

From 6th to 13th, the minimum temperature of the process will appear on the 6th and 7th, 10～13°C in the north of Wuzhi Mountain and 14～17°C in the south of Wuzhi Mountain. The highest temperature is 17～20°C in the north of Wuzhi Mountain and south of Wuzhi Mountain. The area is 24 to 27 °C.

In response to the continuous rainy weather, all localities in Hainan should take effective measures according to local conditions, focusing on winter cold melon prevention and disease prevention work, especially to strengthen the cold resistance of melons and beans with weak cold resistance. Use a film, straw cover or shading net to protect the vegetables, and build a windproof barrier on the windward side to prevent the loss and growth of the melon seedlings and inhibit the flowering results.

When the weather turns better, strengthen fertilization management, increase the application of potash fertilizer and foliar fertilizer, increase the plant's resistance to stress, and promote the normal growth of melons and vegetables as soon as possible. Pay close attention to the diseases and insect pests of vegetables, give full play to the role of plant mobile hospitals, and do a good job in monitoring, preventing, controlling and controlling pests and diseases.

The following are the technical points of the management of melon and vegetable fields in low temperature and rainy weather:

First, the main adverse symptoms of melons and vegetables in the field under low temperature and rainy weather conditions:

(1) The low-lying water accumulates the roots of the plants and is susceptible to diseases such as bacterial wilt, blight, and diseases.

(2) Low-temperature oligo-induced photosynthesis of plants is low, nutrient accumulation of melons is insufficient, and plant growth is slow.

(3) The phenomenon of freezing damage occurs in the leaves of the varieties with weak wind and cold resistance.

(4) Continuous low temperature and rain, poor pollination of melons and vegetables, and prone to deformed fruit.

Second, the main management measures in the field

(1) Eliminate the accumulation of water in the field as soon as possible, and promote the growth of the roots of melons.

(2) Spraying amino oligosaccharide (2% good) on the foliar surface to supplement the sugar and improve the plant's resistance to stress.

(3) Spraying foliar fertilizer to improve the plant's resilience, you can use Mecca 20 ml + Fule Nong zinc 10 g to water 15 kg or Ai Wofu 29 g to water 15 kg foliar spray.

(4) Covering straw or film on the surface to increase surface temperature.

(5) promptly remove the malformed fruit from poor pollination.

Third, the main pest and disease prevention and control measures

(1) Viral diseases: The main types of melons and vegetables are various kinds of peppers (in which the pickled pepper and the western bell pepper are heavier, the pepper is lighter), watermelon, melon, bitter gourd, cucumber and pumpkin. (The watermelon and bitter gourd are biased), the small tomato is lighter, and the beans are mainly bean, which is lighter.

The main control measures are: 1. Remove the diseased plants in time and reduce the pathogens; 2. Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, spray the foliar fertilizer or plant growth regulator in time after the weather turns fine, and use 3000% of “0.003% Azumi” water agent. , "Sde Cop" granules 6000-8000 times and some amino acid foliar fertilizer; 3, spraying antiviral agents, can use such as 2% water-repellent 600 times or 5% amino oligosaccharide water 1000 times of spraying, continuous spraying 2-3 times, once every 4-5 days; 4, pay attention to the prevention and control of mites and thrips.

(2) Bacterial leaf spot disease: mainly occurs in the eastern and northern parts of the province, and the degree of occurrence is heavier. The most harmful varieties are pickled pepper, western bell pepper, pepper, watermelon and cantaloupe.

It is expected that the next stage of the disease will occur more seriously, and the development speed is faster, and the prevention and treatment is more difficult. The main control measures are as follows: 1. Remove the diseased plants and diseased leaves in time; 2. Chemical control can use 3% of the medium-antibiotics. The wettable powder is 800-100 times or "agricultural streptomycin" wettable powder 3000 times, and is continuously sprayed 2-3 times once every 4 days. After the weather turns fine, the melon crops can be used with 77% of the DNW WP 500 times or 27.12% of the copper high suspending agent 800 times foliar spray (for rainy days and pepper crops).

(3) Bacterial angular leaf spot: moderately occurring, mainly for cucumber, watermelon and greenhouse cantaloupe. Some greenhouses have a heavy weight of cantaloupe, and it is expected that the disease will continue to expand and spread. The control method refers to bacterial leaf spot disease.

(4) Bacterial wilt: It is expected to occur in a moderate degree, and the field where water is accumulated or nitrogen fertilizer is applied is biased. The main diseases are various peppers, small tomatoes and eggplants.

Control measures: 1, quickly drain the field water; 2, remove the diseased plant, and sprinkle lime in the diseased plant parts; 2, can use 77% of the Daning wettable powder 500 times or 27.12% copper high suspending agent 800 times the roots.

(5) Epidemic diseases (downy mildew). Hainan Province has occurred throughout the province, and it is expected to occur moderately. Peppers and melons grown in paddy fields are biased. After the weather turned fine, the incidence of melon disease (downy mildew) planted on slopes decreased, but the extent of poor drainage was still increasing.

Control measures: 1. Drain the field water to reduce the water level; 2. Chemical control can use 50% Anke dry suspension 2000 times + 72% Yin Suspension 1200 times or 44% Feige suspension agent 600 times foliar spray 2 -3 times, once every 5 days.

(6) Fusarium wilt: It can occur in all parts of the province, and the degree of occurrence is biased, especially in areas where soil viscosity is too large or root-knot nematode is serious. The main harmful varieties are: watermelon, bitter gourd, cucumber, melon and so on. It is expected that the disease will continue to spread in the next stage.

Control measures: 1. Reduce the soil water content; 2. After the weather turns fine, use 50% prochloraz WP 1000 times or 50% Fumei double powder 300 times to fill the roots once every 5 days.

(7) Powdery mildew: It is expected that the degree of occurrence will be moderately light, and the bitter gourd in the Wanning area may be biased. After the weather turns fine, bitter gourd, melon and cucumber will be more serious.

Control measures: 1. Spray the protective fungicide early after the weather turns fine, use 44% Feige suspension 600 times + 50% methyl thiophanate suspension 600 times or 72 high suspension 1200 times + 80% Wet powder 500 times, continuous spraying 2-3 times, once every 5 days; 2, selective spraying of therapeutic agents such as 30% Cuize suspension 1500 times or 12% myclobutanil EC 2000-3000 times in the disease center .

(8) Other diseases such as anthracnose and blight are expected to be mild, and the extent of field monitoring is strengthened and effective prevention measures are taken.

(9) Pests: In the current rainy weather, all kinds of pests occur to a lesser extent, but after the temperature rises, thrips, aphids and cotton bollworms may explode rapidly. Control agents should choose biopesticide or high-efficiency, low-level biochemical insecticides such as emamectin, avermectin, spinosyn, imidacloprid and acetamiprid.

When applying the medicine on a rainy day, a small amount of a spreading agent, such as "soft water pass", should be added to the medicine box to improve the efficacy.