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Bacterial bio-pesticides typically contain active ingredients such as protein crystals and living spores. These biological agents function most effectively under specific environmental conditions. When temperatures are low, the spores grow slowly inside pests, and the protein crystals are less effective. According to testing, applying bacterial bio-pesticides at temperatures between 25°C and 30°C can increase their effectiveness by 1 to 2 times compared to when used at 10°C to 15°C. This highlights the importance of choosing the right time for application based on weather conditions.
Humidity also plays a key role in the performance of bacterial bio-pesticides. Spores thrive in moist environments, so higher humidity in the field generally leads to better results. This is especially important when using powdered formulations, as the microbes need moisture to adhere to plant surfaces. It’s recommended to apply these products during early morning or late evening when dew is present. This helps the microbial agent stick to the stems and leaves of crops, promoting spore germination and improving overall effectiveness.
Sunlight is another critical factor. Exposure to direct sunlight for just 30 minutes can kill about 50% of the spores, while one hour of exposure can result in an 80% mortality rate. Additionally, ultraviolet radiation can break down the parasitic crystals, reducing their potency. To avoid this, it's best to spray bacterial bio-pesticides in the evening or on cloudy days when UV exposure is minimized.
Rainfall also affects the performance of bio-pesticides. If heavy rain occurs shortly after application, it may wash away the bacteria from the crop surfaces, reducing efficacy. However, if rain occurs five hours after spraying, it may actually enhance the effectiveness, as the moisture helps the spores establish themselves more effectively. Therefore, timing applications carefully in relation to weather patterns is essential for maximizing the benefits of bacterial bio-pesticides.