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First, the floating pneumatic V-type ball valve
The ball in a stainless steel pneumatic ball valve is designed to float. When the medium pressure acts on it, the ball can shift slightly and press against the sealing surface at the outlet end, ensuring a tight seal. This type of valve is known for its simple structure and excellent sealing performance. However, all the forces exerted by the working medium are transferred to the outlet sealing ring, so it's crucial to ensure that the material used for the sealing ring can withstand the pressure and load. These valves are commonly used in low to medium pressure applications.
　　
Second, the fixed ball pneumatic ball valve
In contrast, the ball in a fixed ball pneumatic valve remains stationary after being pressed into place. Instead, the valve seat is designed to float. When the medium pressure increases, the valve seat moves, pressing against the ball to maintain a secure seal. These valves are typically mounted on both the upper and lower shafts of the ball, which helps reduce the operating torque. They are ideal for high-pressure and large-diameter applications.
To further improve sealing reliability and reduce operating torque, an oil-sealed ball valve has been developed in recent years. This design injects a special lubricating oil between the sealing surfaces, forming a protective oil film that enhances sealing performance and reduces friction. This makes it particularly suitable for high-pressure and large-diameter ball valves.
　　
Third, the elastic ball pneumatic ball valve
In this type of valve, the ball is made of an elastic material. Both the ball and the sealing seat are constructed from metal, and the sealing pressure is very high. The pressure from the medium alone may not be sufficient for proper sealing, so an external force must be applied. This design is well-suited for high-temperature and high-pressure environments.
The elastic ball is created by incorporating an elastic groove on the inner wall of the sphere, allowing it to flex. When the valve is closed, a wedge mechanism on the stem expands the ball, pressing it against the seat to create a tight seal. Before rotation, the wedge is released, allowing the ball to return to its original shape, creating a small gap that reduces friction and operating torque on the sealing surfaces.
Pneumatic V-type ball valves can be categorized into straight-through, three-way, and right-angle types based on their flow configurations. The three-way and right-angle models are specifically used for distributing media or changing the direction of flow. These valves are widely used in industrial systems where precise control and reliable sealing are required.