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Laser cutting is a precise process that uses the energy from a focused laser beam to melt and evaporate material, allowing for accurate cutting and engraving. This technology offers high precision, fast processing, and flexibility in design, as it is not limited by traditional cutting patterns. It also allows for automatic layout, which helps save materials and ensures smooth cuts. As a result, metal laser cutting machines are gradually replacing conventional cutting equipment.
The process involves directing a high-power laser beam through an optical system to focus it on the workpiece. The intense heat from the laser causes the material to rapidly heat up, reach its boiling point, and vaporize, forming a small hole. With the help of a high-pressure gas jet, the molten material is blown away as the laser moves across the surface, creating a narrow slit. The entire operation is controlled by a numerical control system, which manages parameters such as cutting speed, laser power, and gas pressure. The auxiliary gas also helps remove any slag from the cut.
Plasma cutting is another advanced thermal cutting method. It uses compressed air or other gases as the working medium, generating a high-temperature plasma arc that melts the metal and blows it away with a high-speed airflow, resulting in a clean and narrow cut. This technique is widely used for cutting various metals, including stainless steel, aluminum, copper, and carbon steel. It provides fast cutting speeds, minimal heat-affected zones, low distortion, and easy operation, making it highly energy-efficient.
A typical plasma cutting machine consists of two main parts: the drive unit and the cutting head. The drive system controls the movement along the X and Y axes, while the cutting head emits a plasma arc that melts the material. When cutting complex shapes, the design is usually programmed using a numerical control language, which is then converted into machine code to guide the cutting process. For straight cuts, the movement can be simplified by locking one direction and moving in the other.
The plasma cutting head includes components like cooling water circulation, gas supply lines, and electrical circuits. These ensure proper cooling, stable plasma arc generation, and efficient energy conversion from AC to DC power. The temperature at the tip of the cutting head is extremely high, so the cooling system is essential to maintain performance and longevity.
According to industry surveys, demand for cutting services in the U.S. has significantly increased since the third quarter of 2012. In the fourth quarter, the market saw a single-digit growth compared to the previous year, exceeding many expectations. In China, the market remained stable, while Europe experienced moderate growth, mainly due to weak demand in Germany. Emerging markets, however, showed strong performance, with double-digit growth in countries like Mexico and Brazil.
The CNC cutting industry is slowly recovering, and market demands vary. For small and medium-sized manufacturers, plasma CNC cutting machines may be more suitable due to their lower cost and sufficient cutting quality, especially when high precision is not required. Compared to laser cutting, plasma cutting offers a cost-effective alternative without compromising on performance.