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According to recent reports from foreign media, the researchers found a new type of adhesive for lithium-ion batteries that not only improves energy storage efficiency, but also reduces the use of toxic substances in battery components.
This substance called alginate is extracted from ordinary, easily propagated brown seaweed. According to the current test, alginate can effectively increase the storage capacity. This new discovery was jointly developed by the Georgia Institute of Technology and Clemson University. Grebe, an assistant professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology, said that with alginate, we can develop batteries with low cost and high energy storage, and battery life will be extended. This new battery is expected to make a significant contribution to building a more energy-efficient economy, as it will be used in electric vehicles, the Internet and mobile phones, and the battery runtime will be extended, and these technologies are conducive to environmental protection.
Scientists hope to improve the performance of the adhesive in the battery. The binder is an auxiliary material in a lithium ion battery, and is a polymer compound for adhering an electrode active material to an electrode current collector. For the positive and negative electrodes of a lithium ion battery which will expand and contract during charging and discharging, the adhesive is required to have a certain buffering effect, so it is important to select a suitable adhesive. At present, a binder of a lithium ion battery of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and N-methylpyrrolidone as a dispersing agent (NMP) are commonly used in the industry. Because NMP is more expensive, the volatilization temperature is higher, and the volatilization of organic solvents causes certain environmental pollution, so people try other binders.
The anode material of the existing lithium ion battery is mainly made of graphitized carbon material. Theoretically speaking, the storage capacity of silicon is 10 times that of graphite, but the anode of silicon is not very stable in practical use. One of the challenges for adhesives is that the anodes used in batteries in the future must allow expansion and contraction of silicon nanoparticles, and the existing electrodes use polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder, which uses a toxic solvent. Made of. One advantage of alginate compared to polyvinylidene fluoride is that alginate can be dissolved in water during the manufacture of the anode, which eliminates the need for methylpyrrolidone and may result in a cleaner production process. Researchers believe that binders can be integrated into existing anode manufacturing systems by simply replacing polyvinylidene fluoride and methylpyrrolidone necessities with alginate and water. Alginate can also be used to improve the performance of graphite anodes, resulting in more charge and discharge cycles and longer battery life.
Finding the right substance is a critical step in improving the performance of a lithium-ion battery so that it can go to large-scale applications, from cars to mobile phones. Lightweight, popular batteries are powered by the transfer of lithium ions in the two poles of the electrolyte. In the process of charging and powering, if lithium ions can travel to and from the poles more efficiently, the battery will have better power storage. Clemson, a professor at the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Clemson University, said: "We are currently looking for this natural substance, such as those grown in high-particle brines, because the electrodes in the battery are immersed in the liquid. In the electrolyte, we feel that this aquatic plant, especially the aquatic plants grown in special salt water, is a good representative of natural binders."
Because seawater is rich in ions, researchers believe that alginate is the perfect natural binder. Tests have shown that the alginate extracted from brown seaweed can indeed be used as a binder on a silicon anode. The extraction process can be accomplished by boiling soda, which results in lower energy storage costs and a significant increase in stored energy, since the alginate is soluble in water, which means the production process is cleaner. Alginate is inexpensive and is currently used in food, pharmaceutical preparation, paper and other industries. Since the carboxyl group distributed by the alginate is very orderly, although the carboxyl group can also be produced to the carboxymethyl cellulose, the popularity is not high because of the high cost and uneven distribution.
It is reported that the potential of silicon anodes cannot be fully exploited until the researchers develop a matchable cathode that can handle the same amount of lithium ions. However, even with the existing cathode, the alginate-silicon anode can increase the capacity of the lithium ion battery by 30% to 40%.
In theory, the storage capacity of silicon is 10 times that of graphite, but in actual use, silicon is not very stable.