U.S. Develops New Catalyst to Convert Carbon Dioxide to Methanol at Low Pressure

An international research team consisting of Stanford University, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC) and Technical University of Denmark selected a new type of catalyst, Ni5Ga3, which can convert carbon dioxide to methanol under low pressure through a computer. Methanol is a major component of plastic products, binders and solvents, and promising transportation fuels. The results of this study were published in the online version of Nature and Chemistry.

“The methanol is produced under high pressure with hydrogen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in natural gas. We are looking for ways to produce methanol under low pressure conditions from clean sources,” said lead researcher SLAC scientist Felix Sturt. Finally, a pollution-free manufacturing process using clean hydrogen to produce methanol was developed."

Around the world, about 650,000 tons of methanol are needed to produce coatings, polymers, glues and other products every year. In existing methanol plants, natural gas and water are converted to "syngas" including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen, which is then converted to methanol by a catalyst consisting of copper, zinc and aluminum under high pressure.

According to the Daily Scientific Network and Physicists Organization Network recently reported that Stuart and his colleagues spent a lot of time to study the methanol synthesis and industrial production process, and at the molecular level, it was clear that the copper-zinc-aluminum during the methanol synthesis. The active site of the catalyst then began to look for new catalysts capable of synthesizing methanol using only hydrogen and carbon dioxide under low pressure conditions. Stuart and collaborator Frank Peterson developed a huge computer database and searched for promising catalysts to replace the way they tested various compounds in the lab. One of the co-authors of the paper, Jens, a professor of chemical engineering at Stanford University, explained: "The technology is called computational material design. You can get new functional materials based entirely on computer operations. First, identify new and Interesting material and then test it."

In the database, Stuart compared copper-zinc-aluminum catalysts with thousands of other materials and found that the most promising candidate was a compound called nickel-antimony. The research team at the Technical University of Denmark subsequently synthesized a solid catalyst consisting of nickel and ruthenium. The research team conducted a series of experiments to see if the new catalyst could produce methanol under normal pressure.

Laboratory tests confirmed that the computer made the right choice. At high temperatures, nickel-ruthenium produces more methanol than traditional copper-zinc-aluminum catalysts, and significantly reduces by-product carbon monoxide production. The researchers pointed out that nickel is relatively abundant and although it is relatively expensive, it is widely used in the electronics industry. This shows that the new catalyst can eventually be scaled up for use in industry. (Hua Ling)

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