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Buckwheat is a warm-season crop that is sensitive to frost, so the timing of sowing is crucial for a successful harvest. In the southern region of the Yangtze River in our province, the optimal sowing period is around mid-August, while in the Huaihe area, it is also ideal to sow during this time. Choosing the right variety is equally important. It is recommended to use high-yielding varieties with a growth period of 70 to 80 days, such as Sweet Glutinous Rice No. 1, Sweet Glutinous Rice No. 2, and Small Red Flower Bitter Buckwheat. For best results, use fresh seeds harvested in the same year.
Before planting, proper seed treatment is essential. Soak the seeds for 2 to 3 days, then treat them with warm water at 40°C for 10 to 15 minutes to remove floating pests and weak seeds. If pest problems are common in the area, you can apply a pesticide coating. To speed up germination, you can soak the seeds in warm water for 1-2 days and plant them immediately once they begin to sprout.
Land preparation must be done thoroughly since buckwheat has shallow roots and poor soil tolerance. Ensure the field is well-cultivated and free of weeds. Fertilization plays a key role in increasing yield. Although buckwheat can grow in poor soil, applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers significantly improves production. At sowing time, mix 3-5 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu into the soil, along with organic fertilizer. Be careful to keep the fertilizer away from the seeds to avoid burning.
Sowing methods include broadcasting, spot sowing, and row sowing. For spot sowing, place 10-15 seeds per hole, with about 5,000 to 6,000 holes per acre. The sowing depth should be around 3-4 cm, and the seeding rate is typically 2.5-3 kg per mu.
Field management is critical for healthy growth. Ensure proper drainage to prevent waterlogging, and irrigate if dry conditions occur during germination. Regular weeding is necessary, especially when the plants reach 6-8 cm in height and before flowering. Apply additional fertilizer during the flowering and fruiting stages using a mixture of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Artificial pollination can improve yield, as natural pollination is low. You can shake the plants gently or use bees for assistance between 8-10 am for 3-5 days. Lastly, monitor for pests and diseases, and use low-toxicity pesticides when needed.
Harvesting should take place before the first frost. When approximately 70% of the grains turn dark brown, it's time to cut the plants and hang them indoors to complete the drying process. This ensures full maturity and better storage quality.