Light wood is a versatile material often used in furniture, cabinetry, interior design, fine joinery, doors, floors, and panels. Among the many types of light wood, Juglans regia—commonly known as English walnut—stands out for its beauty, durability, and rich grain patterns. Juglans regia has a long history of use across Asia and Europe. Native to China, it was later introduced to other parts of the world, including Italy by the Greeks and the UK by the Romans. Today, it's widely cultivated in northern, northwestern, and central China. This species is highly valued in high-end furniture, cabinets, handicrafts, and sculptures due to its premium quality and aesthetic appeal. Like American black walnut, Juglans regia is also used for making handles, sports equipment, and decorative items. Since the 14th century, it has been popular in European furniture-making, especially in the northwestern regions. One of the reasons for its popularity is its lightweight yet strong nature, along with its deep, rich color that can range from light yellowish-brown to dark brown. Over time, the color may fade slightly, but the distinctive dark streaks and texture remain appealing. Juglans regia goes by different names in various countries, but its Latin name remains consistent. The color and grain can vary depending on the region. For example, English walnut is typically heavier and darker, while Italian Ancona walnut is known for its diverse and striking patterns. Circassian walnut, sourced from the Caucasus region near the Black Sea, is prized for its deep, irregular streaks, which some consider the most visually appealing. Carpathian walnut refers to wood from Ukraine, Russia, Czechoslovakia, and Germany, each offering unique characteristics. Well-grown walnut trees can reach heights of 20–30 meters with a trunk diameter of 1–1.5 meters. The wood has an average density of about 0.64 g/cm³, making it both strong and lightweight. It features a straight grain, fine and uniform texture, and excellent workability. It dries easily, is suitable for carving, and responds well to both manual and mechanical processing. Its good adhesion properties and smooth finish after painting make it ideal for high-quality woodworking projects. The structure of Juglans regia (China) includes a clear distinction between heartwood and sapwood. The sapwood is light yellowish-brown to light chestnut, while the heartwood ranges from reddish-brown to chestnut, sometimes with purple tones and dark stripes. When exposed to air, the heartwood turns a rich chocolate color. The growth rings are distinct, and the wood rays are fine and visible under magnification. Axial thin-walled tissue is also noticeable, and there are ray markings on the radial surface without any wave-like patterns. The vessel elements are arranged in zig-zag groups, with single and double vessels present. The axial thin-walled tissue appears as separate bands or star-shaped clusters, and no crystals are observed. The wood rays are non-stacked, with single-row rays reaching 5–10 cells in height and multi-row rays being 2–5 cells wide and up to 30 cells tall. The ray structure is mostly homomorphic, with a few heteromorphic types. This intricate cellular structure contributes to the wood’s stability and visual appeal. Hubei Chengze Diamod Products Co., Ltd. , https://www.ryomaltools.com