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During the rapid growth phase of various crops, it's also a time of high demand for fertilizers. However, improper fertilization techniques can lead to fertilizer burn and increase farming costs. To help farmers improve their practices, we’ve outlined five effective and scientifically sound fertilization methods for reference.
First, it's important to balance organic and chemical fertilizers. Organic matter should be the main component, with chemical fertilizers used as a supplement. Applying base fertilizers properly and top-dressing at the right time ensures a balanced nutrient supply, promoting healthy crop development.
Second, avoid shallow or surface application of fertilizers. This method can cause nutrients to volatilize, leach away, or fail to reach the root zone, reducing efficiency and leading to waste. Instead, fertilizers should be placed 15–26 cm away from seeds or plants to maximize absorption.
Third, incorrect placement of fertilizers can cause damage such as burning young plants or causing wilting. For example, applying fertilizer directly near the stems of peppers or corn can result in burn if it’s too close—keep it at least 8–15 cm away. If chemical fertilizers are not adequately watered in or the soil is dry, the salt concentration can become too high, making it difficult for roots to absorb water and nutrients, which may lead to wilting or even plant death. Excess nitrogen can also release ammonia, which, when combined with dew, forms alkaline compounds that scorch leaves. In dry conditions, ammonia can convert into nitrosamines, releasing toxic gases that harm crops.
Fourth, overuse of certain nutrients or uneven application of nitrogen can be harmful. It not only causes toxicity but also hinders the uptake of other essential nutrients, leading to deficiency symptoms. Uneven nitrogen application can result in weak plant growth, reduced disease resistance, and lower seed set rates.
Fifth, fresh manure should never be applied directly to vegetables. It contains pathogens, toxins, and parasite eggs that can contaminate crops and spread diseases. Always compost or treat it before use. Fresh manure can also produce harmful gases like hydrogen sulfide during decomposition, which can suffocate seeds, cause root rot, or even burn young roots, making it unsuitable for planting.
By following these guidelines, farmers can optimize their fertilization practices, reduce waste, and promote healthier, more productive crops.