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During the critical growth phase of various crops, nutrient demand is at its peak. However, improper fertilization techniques can lead to fertilizer burn and increase farming costs. To help farmers optimize their practices, here are five scientifically supported and effective fertilization methods that should be considered.
1. **Balanced Fertilization Approach**: Prioritize organic fertilizers as the main source, supplemented with chemical fertilizers. Apply base fertilizers during planting and use topdressing in a timely and measured manner. A well-balanced approach ensures nutrients are available when crops need them most.
2. **Deep Application for Better Absorption**: Avoid shallow or surface application, as it leads to nutrient loss through volatilization and makes it difficult for plants to absorb the nutrients. Instead, apply fertilizer 15–26 cm away from seeds or plant roots to maximize efficiency and minimize waste.
3. **Avoid Direct Contact with Stems and Leaves**: Applying fertilizer directly to stems or leaves can cause burning, wilting, and even crop death. For crops like peppers and corn, keep fertilizer at least 8–15 cm away from the base. Also, ensure sufficient soil moisture after fertilization to prevent high salt concentration, which can damage roots. Excess nitrogen can release ammonia, which under certain conditions (like dew), can form alkaline compounds that burn foliage.
4. **Avoid Overuse or Imbalanced Fertilization**: Applying excessive amounts of specific nutrients, especially nitrogen, can lead to toxicity and hinder the uptake of other essential elements. This may result in nutrient deficiency symptoms and reduced yield. Inconsistent nitrogen application can also weaken plants, lower disease resistance, and reduce seed set rates.
5. **Proper Handling of Manure**: Never apply fresh manure directly to vegetables, as it contains pathogens, toxins, and parasite eggs that can contaminate crops and spread diseases. Always compost or treat manure before use. Fresh manure can release harmful gases like hydrogen sulfide, which may suffocate seeds, cause root rot, or burn young plants, ultimately affecting germination and early growth.
By following these guidelines, farmers can enhance crop health, reduce input waste, and achieve more sustainable and productive farming outcomes.