Damage to Rolling Bearings

Source: China Bearing Network | Time: 2013-11-02

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Rolling bearings are essential components in many mechanical systems. During operation, if you notice unusual heat, vibration, or noise, it may be a sign that the bearing is damaged. It's important to identify and analyze the cause promptly. Here are some common types of damage: 1. **Fatigue Spalling** This occurs when the rolling elements or raceway surfaces experience alternating loads over time, causing the surface material to flake off in layers. Over time, this can lead to small pits that expand into larger areas of damage. Improper installation or misalignment between the bearing housing and the shaft can also contribute to localized stress, leading to early fatigue failure. 2. **Cracks and Fractures** Poor heat treatment, excessive interference fit, or improper assembly can result in cracks or fractures in the bearing rings. For example, grooves on the support surface can create stress concentration points, making the bearing more susceptible to cracking. 3. **Indentation** Hard particles entering the bearing can become trapped between the rolling elements and the raceway, causing indentations on the surfaces. Excessive impact loads can also cause plastic deformation, resulting in small dents or pits. Even when the bearing is stationary, heavy loads can lead to surface damage. 4. **Wear** If the seal is not effective, dust or contaminants can enter the bearing, leading to increased friction and wear on the contact surfaces. This can result in scratches, increased vibration, and more noise during operation. 5. **Electrical Corrosion** When electric current passes through the bearing, small sparks can occur, causing localized heating and surface discoloration. In severe cases, this can lead to larger pits and reduced performance. 6. **Corrosion** Exposure to moisture, acids, alkalis, or salts can cause corrosion, especially if the lubricant is not suitable. Even minor corrosion can render a bearing unusable, particularly in precision applications. 7. **Cage Damage** High-speed bearings are especially vulnerable to cage damage due to lack of lubrication. This can cause the cage to wear or come into contact with the rolling elements or inner ring, leading to further damage or even cracking.
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