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Biomass fuel is a modern clean energy source that utilizes advanced technology to compress agricultural residues, wood chips, sawdust, peanut shells, and other organic materials into solid fuel without any additives. This renewable energy option provides an efficient alternative to traditional coal, especially in rural areas where it can meet basic energy needs. It can also be used in urban coal-fired boilers as a direct replacement for coal. With a low crushing rate (less than 1.5%–2.0%), moisture content below 15%, and ash content under 1.5%, biomass fuel significantly reduces harmful emissions compared to coal, making it an environmentally friendly choice.
The composition of biomass fuel differs greatly from fossil fuels. It consists of volatile matter and fixed carbon, which affect its combustion behavior. Biomass has a higher volatile content and lower sulfur, nitrogen, and ash levels than coal, though its calorific value is generally lower. These characteristics influence ignition and burning efficiency, with higher volatility leading to easier and more stable combustion.
The combustion process of biomass pellets involves several stages: drying, volatilization, gasification, and char combustion. The high-pressure shaping of the fuel increases its density, affecting how quickly volatiles are released and heat is transferred. A well-designed boiler system, such as a chain grate furnace, optimizes this process by adjusting air supply and combustion conditions to enhance efficiency and reduce emissions.
This project features a boiler with a rated evaporation of 2 tons per hour, operating at 0.8 MPa and 175°C. The design incorporates modifications to the air supply and furnace arch to suit biomass fuel’s unique properties. The system includes a hopper, grate, secondary air injection, and an economizer to improve heat recovery and reduce flue gas temperatures.
Thermal calculations confirm that the boiler meets performance standards, with proper radiation and convection heating surfaces ensuring efficient heat transfer. Fan selection, using balanced ventilation, ensures adequate airflow and exhaust management, further enhancing combustion efficiency.
Overall, the use of biomass fuel in boiler systems offers a sustainable and cleaner alternative to coal, improving both environmental outcomes and operational efficiency. This design demonstrates the potential of biomass energy in modern energy systems.