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Biomass fuel is a clean, renewable energy source that plays an important role in reducing environmental impact and improving energy efficiency. In China, coal has long dominated the national energy production structure, accounting for over 67% of total energy output. The country consumes approximately 1.2 to 1.5 billion tons of coal annually, with most of it used directly as fuel. However, this heavy reliance on coal leads to significant environmental degradation and public health concerns.
To address these challenges, biomass solid molding fuel has emerged as a sustainable alternative. Made from agricultural residues such as straw, wood chips, sawdust, peanut shells, and other organic materials, biomass fuel is compressed without any additives or binders. It offers a cleaner burning option that can replace coal in both rural and urban settings. With a low moisture content (under 15%), low ash content (less than 1.5%), and minimal sulfur and chlorine levels (below 0.07%), biomass fuel significantly reduces harmful emissions.
The combustion characteristics of biomass fuel differ greatly from those of traditional fossil fuels. Its high volatile matter content promotes easier ignition and more stable combustion. Compared to coal, biomass has lower calorific value but also lower emissions of harmful elements like sulfur and nitrogen. This makes it a more environmentally friendly choice, especially when used in modern boiler systems designed for its unique properties.
A typical biomass boiler system includes a chain grate furnace, where fuel is fed into a hopper and distributed evenly across the grate. Primary air is supplied underneath the fuel layer, facilitating combustion. As the fuel burns, volatile gases are released, leading to secondary combustion in the upper part of the furnace. The heat generated is then transferred through radiative and convective surfaces, with flue gases passing through economizers to improve overall efficiency.
The design of the boiler incorporates advanced features such as radiant heating surfaces made of water wall tubes and convective heating sections using threaded pipes to enhance heat transfer. Proper ventilation is crucial for maintaining efficient combustion, and balanced mechanical ventilation systems are commonly used. Blowers and induced draft fans ensure adequate air supply and exhaust, optimizing the combustion process.
In conclusion, the use of biomass fuel in boilers not only supports energy sustainability but also reduces environmental harm. By improving combustion efficiency and adopting advanced boiler designs, biomass energy can play a key role in China’s transition toward cleaner and greener energy systems.