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Peanut shells are not suitable for direct use as animal feed. However, they can be effectively transformed into a nutritious feed source through proper processing. The first step is to crush the peanut shells into smaller particles. After that, they should undergo chemical or biochemical treatment to break down their complex structure and make them more digestible. Once treated, the peanut shells can be combined with other ingredients like rice bran, wheat bran, and other by-products to create a balanced mixed pellet feed.
One of the most efficient methods for utilizing peanut shells is microbial fermentation. This process is relatively simple and cost-effective. Start by crushing the peanut shells and using approximately 50% to 60% of them as the base. Then mix in about 30% corn flour and 10% soybean meal to enhance the nutritional value. A fermenting agent, typically around 1% to 2% of the total weight, is added to initiate the fermentation process.
Each ingredient should be thoroughly mixed with the fermenting agent before adding water. The moisture level of the mixture should be carefully controlled, ideally between 65% and 75%, to support optimal microbial activity. Once everything is well blended, transfer the mixture into a suitable container—such as a basin, cylinder, pool, or sealed plastic bag—and seal it tightly.
Fermentation usually takes place under natural temperature conditions for 2 to 3 days. During this time, beneficial microorganisms break down the materials, producing a fragrant, slightly sweet, and mildly alcoholic aroma, which indicates that the feed is ready for use. This fermented feed is rich in nutrients and can significantly improve the diet of livestock, making it a valuable resource in sustainable animal farming.