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In winter rapeseed production in the Yangtze River Basin, there is an imbalance in fertilizer application. The use of organic fertilizers is insufficient, straw return rates are low, and deficiencies in essential trace elements like sulfur and boron further reduce the efficiency of fertilization. Additionally, low planting density exacerbates this issue. To address these problems, it is crucial to implement scientific fertilization practices that enhance nutrient utilization and improve crop yield.
**Fertilization Principles**
It is recommended to increase the use of organic fertilizers and integrate them with inorganic fertilizers. Straw should be returned to the field to enrich the soil. Based on the availability of effective boron in the soil, an appropriate amount of boron fertilizer should be added. Nitrogen fertilizer application should be reduced at the base stage, while increasing its proportion during critical growth periods. Fertilization should also be combined with other high-yield agricultural techniques, especially by increasing the planting density to maximize productivity.
**Fertilization Rates**
For fields producing more than 200 kg per mu, it is advised to apply approximately 11-13 kg of pure nitrogen, 4-6 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 7-9 kg of potassium oxide, and 1 kg of boron. For fields yielding between 100-200 kg per mu, the required amounts are 8-10 kg of nitrogen, 3-5 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 5-7 kg of potassium oxide, and 0.75 kg of boron. In fields with less than 100 kg per mu, 5-7 kg of nitrogen, 3-4 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 4 kg of potassium oxide, and 0.5 kg of boron are sufficient. In sulfur-deficient areas, 2-3 kg of sulfur per mu should be applied. If other sulfur-containing fertilizers are used, the sulfur application can be adjusted accordingly.
**Fertilization Methods**
Nitrogen fertilizer should be split into two parts: 50% as a base fertilizer, 20-30% for wintering seedling application, and another 20-30% for manure application. Potassium fertilizer should be applied 60% as a base fertilizer and 40% through manure. Phosphorus, boron, and sulfur should all be used as base fertilizers. If organic fertilizer is already applied as a base, the chemical fertilizer dosage can be reduced appropriately. Also, if potassium fertilizer was used in the previous season, the current application can be reduced by one-third.
By following these scientifically sound fertilization strategies, farmers can significantly improve the efficiency of nutrient use, enhance crop yields, and ensure sustainable agricultural practices in the winter rapeseed production system.