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In the winter rapeseed production of the Yangtze River Basin, there is an imbalance in the proportion of fertilizer application. The use of organic fertilizers is insufficient, and the return rate of straw to the fields is low. Additionally, deficiencies in trace elements such as sulfur and boron, along with low planting density, lead to inefficient fertilizer utilization. To address these issues, it is essential to implement scientific fertilization practices to enhance the efficiency of nutrient uptake.
Fertilization Principles
It is recommended to increase the use of organic fertilizers and promote the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Returning straw to the field should be encouraged. Based on the availability of available boron in the soil, an appropriate amount of boron fertilizer should be added. The base application rate of nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriately reduced, while the proportion of top-dressing should be increased. Fertilization should be integrated with other high-yield agricultural techniques, particularly by increasing the planting density to maximize yield potential.
Fertilizer Application Rates
For fields producing more than 200 kg per mu, it is recommended to apply 11–13 kg of pure nitrogen, 4–6 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 7–9 kg of potassium oxide, and 1 kg of boron per mu. For fields producing between 100–200 kg per mu, 8–10 kg of pure nitrogen, 3–5 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 5–7 kg of potassium oxide, and 0.75 kg of boron per mu are required. In fields with less than 100 kg per mu, 5–7 kg of pure nitrogen, 3–4 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 4 kg of potassium oxide, and 0.5 kg of boron per mu should be applied. In areas deficient in sulfur, 2–3 kg of sulfur per mu can be added. If other sulfur-containing fertilizers are used, the sulfur dosage can be adjusted accordingly.
Fertilization Methods
Approximately 50% of the total nitrogen fertilizer should be applied as a base fertilizer, with 20–30% used for wintering seedling growth and another 20–30% for manure application. Potassium fertilizer should be applied at 60%, with the remaining 40% used as manure. Phosphorus, boron, and sulfur should all be applied as base fertilizers. If organic fertilizers are included in the base fertilizer, the amount of chemical fertilizer can be reduced accordingly. Additionally, if potassium fertilizer was used in the previous season, its application can be reduced by one-third in the current season. This approach ensures balanced nutrition and sustainable crop production.