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Silicone molds are specialized mold materials used in crafting and manufacturing. They offer excellent heat resistance, corrosion resistance, strong tear strength, and high flexibility, making them ideal for creating detailed and complex molds. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the production process of silicone molds, as well as common issues and their solutions.
The first step in making a silicone mold is choosing the right mold opening style and determining the mold line. The mold line should be placed where it won't affect the product's appearance or quality, and it should be easy to remove after casting. For example, if the mold line is too high on a water-related product, it can cause material buildup and increase the risk of cracking. To simplify the process, some molds are designed with half-opening structures.
To prevent silica gel from flowing out during the molding process, the mold is often secured using wood or other rigid materials. Once the mold is ready, a release agent such as Vaseline or a spray release agent is applied to the surface. For smooth products, a clean cloth is used to evenly apply Vaseline, ensuring a smooth and glossy finish. Textured products require an even layer of Vaseline as well, and the silica gel is mixed according to a specific formula.
When mixing silica gel, it’s important to stir in an irregular direction to avoid introducing air bubbles. For the first layer, vacuuming the mixture at -0.1 Mpa for 7-8 seconds helps reduce air entrapment. After preparation, the silica gel is poured into the mold, allowing it to flow naturally. A brush is used to spread the material evenly. For single-piece molds, the entire surface should be coated with at least three layers, each about 1 mm thick. Each layer must be fully cured before applying the next one. Adding a layer of gauze between layers increases the strength of the final mold.
The initial curing time for silica gel is around 20 minutes, but full curing typically takes 24 hours. When making multi-layer molds, it’s essential to cure all layers simultaneously. The amount of hardener used affects the reaction time—too little may lead to incomplete curing, while too much can reduce the mold’s lifespan. It’s recommended to use less hardener than the internal ratio for better results. After applying the first two layers, adding a reinforcing cloth (not fiberglass) can significantly improve the mold’s durability.
Common problems when using silicone molds include limited mold life, burning, dryness in the stem, poor pull strength, oil formation, acid/alkali resistance, surface imperfections, and more. These issues often arise from improper mixing, incorrect hardness selection, or insufficient preparation. For instance, adding too much silicone oil can weaken the mold’s structure, while not enough moisture can cause the silica gel to dry out.
Silicone molds are widely used in various industries, including toys, gifts, crafts, furniture, resin works, candle making, and more. They are especially useful for creating detailed and durable molds for both small and large products. Different applications require specific techniques and parameters, so it’s crucial to follow proper procedures for optimal results.
Whether you're a hobbyist or a professional, understanding the nuances of silicone mold-making can greatly enhance your craft. From selecting the right materials to troubleshooting common issues, every step plays a vital role in achieving high-quality results. With the right knowledge and practice, silicone molds can become a valuable tool in any creative project.