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What is even more difficult to know is that Hunan Province is the largest producer of domestic mineral crystals. The complex geological environment and several deep fault zones have made Hunan a rich and numerous mineral treasure. Since 20 years ago, Hunan has attracted a large number of European and American collectors to come here for treasure hunt.
People may be familiar with the tungsten and tin of Ganzhou, the world's capital of the cold water river, the cinnabar of the phoenix, and perhaps the Pakistani and Burmese aquamarine and Moroccan trilobites that will be exhibited at the 3rd Mineral Expo to be held on May 21. Fossils, Hubei's "world's heaviest" turquoise, Guangxi "middle queen" diamond manganese mine, etc., but the reason why Hunan gemstones are not known to you, may be expensive because of the scarcity of production, they are only hot in the extremely narrow professional circle.
We draw a map of Hunan's “treasure hunt†and choose three kinds of gems, namely fluorite (soft water green crystal), diamonds and sea blue treasures, to tell the “gem legend†that is little known in Hunan.
Fluorite meets rare earth elements, it becomes the "night pearl"
Together with the "mineral capital" - Xianghualing and Yaogangxian in Cangzhou City replaced the status of Shangbao. On May 5th, we saw the newly produced fluorite in the Xianghuapu mining area of ​​Linwu County. This is a natural square body with a distinct square shape, which is light green and transparent.
This crystal grows in the gap in the mine. Gao Yunfu, vice president of Hunan Baoyu Association, explains that the formation of ore crystal requires three conditions: time, space and solution. The crustal movement brings the minerals of the earth's crust and mantle through the solution to the surface below the fracture space, and the temperature drops after the high temperature solution approaches the surface, causing the mineral to crystallize. The gas liquid that originally filled the crack turns into a crystalline solid, and then the volume expands and shrinks, forming a hole in the mine hole. Good crystals generally grow on the walls of the hole.
The Xianghuapu mining area mainly produces tungsten ore. Before the end of the 1980s, the fluorite in this crevice was left unattended. When drilling from the former mine hole, the fluorite always stuck the drill bit, and the miners who were on the way were overwhelmed. Sometimes they used explosives to blow up the fluorite hole of the card bit.
Fluorite is called soft water green crystal, also known as colorful gemstones, dream stone, China is the country with the most fluorite minerals, Zhejiang and Fujian also have production. It is not a precious gem itself, because it is low in hardness and easy to weather and break, it is not suitable for creating precious jewellery. However, fluorite, which is extremely transparent and has a very good shape and color, is very popular in the collection industry as a mineral crystal specimen.
It must be mentioned that the main component of fluorite is calcium fluoride, which is a luminescent substance that emits a slight fluorescence under ultraviolet and cathode ray irradiation. Therefore, a high-purity fluorite is exposed to the sun and then taken into the dark room. The tiny glimmer-like shimmer can be seen with the naked eye, but it cannot last for a long time.
When fluorite meets rare earth elements, it becomes an extremely precious "night pearl". The natural "night pearl" that has been discovered so far, except for a few rare diamonds, crystals and calcite, the most common type is fluorite.
Zhengzhou collector Li Guangling once had a night pearl worth 18 million pounds. It can emit milky white light in the dark room. The text in the newspaper can be seen within 10 cm. This is the product of fluorite doped into rare earth elements.
The so-called "gems" are not necessarily what we usually call diamonds, emeralds or sapphires. Gao Yunfu, vice president of Hunan Gemstone Association, pointed out that "gems" are divided into organic gemstones and inorganic gemstones. The former is like fossils, coral stones, amber, pearls, etc.; the latter is mineral crystals and some rock minerals (jade, jade, etc.) with hardness, transparency and color.
In this sense, although diamonds are precious, if the color and transparency are not up to standard, they cannot be called "gems"; while fluorites are ordinary, if they are excellent, they can be classified as "gems". At the Bozhou Mining Expo on the 21st of this month, you will be able to see a variety of fluorites at home and abroad.
Diamonds Drills are little known. The proven reserves of 743,000 carats of diamonds produced in Hunan (diamond rough) are rarely known to ordinary people. They are often shocked after they know it. There are diamonds in the four major river basins of Hunan Xiangzi, and the Lishui River Basin is the most concentrated.
Ten years ago, a Belgian named Zorro came to Changde City 413 Geological Survey Team to see the last 3 carat pink diamonds in the Lishui River Basin. Zorro used a trick that Chinese aunt used to pretend: pretending to turn around and leave, but the other party did not eat this set. After he walked out, he directly locked the iron gate. He then hurriedly turned back and bought 8 carats and 9 carats at the original price. 12.5 carats of three diamonds, with a total price of 170,000 yuan. After closing the door, he couldn’t wait to say that the 12.5-carat color was above 90 colors, and only this one would return the price.
What is the concept of 12.5 carats? The 6-carat "dove egg" in "Lust Caution" has confused women; in reality, Tony Leung took a 12-carat diamond ring at the wedding, claiming a value of 22.8 million yuan, and its record has not been broken in the entertainment circle. If the 413 team was short of money and did not get in touch with the market, it would not be so sold.
According to historical records, the Chinese people’s understanding of diamonds began in the Western Jin Dynasty. The singular note “Xuan Zhong Ji†wrote “King Kong out of the sky (ie India), Daqin country (ie ancient Rome), a jade knife, jade cut Such as iron knife cutting wood." In the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen also recorded in the "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Diamond, out of the Western countries of the Tianzhu; diamonds, its sand can be used to fill the jade, so it is called the diamond."
And it was discovered in China in the Lishui River Basin in Hunan. During the Daoguang Period of the Qing Dynasty (1820-1850), when the farmers in Shushui washed the sand and found gold, they discovered diamonds in the area from Taoyuan to Tuokou, which was then called “octagonal stoneâ€. In 1954, the first dedicated diamond survey team in the country was established. The only task was to find the source of drowning diamonds.
The color of the diamonds in the Surabaya Valley is excellent, with occasional yellow, brown and pink production, which is about 60% of the gem level. Changde Dingjiagang, Taoyuan Suburb, Fuling Yaotou, Hongjiang Anjiang are the major towns with proven reserves of 743,000 carats.
Someone once smashed the 43.28-carat, 37.8-carat shovel drill, and we inquired a few times. The largest shovel was 62.1 carats, which has already been sold abroad. Secondly, a 43.28 carat was accidentally picked up by a mining worker. He accidentally dropped the steamed bun into the mine. In order to get the steamed bun back, he had to drain the well water. At this moment, a large drill appeared at the bottom of the well. . Two other peasant brothers screened out a 37.8-carat diamond in the gold rush.
In the local area, there are peasants who have discovered the legend of diamonds. In the half century of exploration, the professional 413 team collected about 29000 diamonds. Unfortunately, they were all found in the sand mines that have been transported from the water. Can find diamond primary ore.
Li Ziyun, a professor-level senior engineer of the 413 team, explained that the diamond originated from the upper mantle 150-200 km underground. When the extremely intense crustal movement caused a deep fault, the rock acted as a bus, “captured†the diamond and brought them To the shallower surface, the entire process takes about 1 billion years.
After the "selling hot" in the 1970s and 1980s, today's rhinestones are rare, mostly small diamonds of more than a dozen points. The original specially-exploited 601 mine has been closed, and the folks are no longer scouring. Only 413 teams and a private boss of Xuyuan, who is in Taoyuan, are still looking for the original mine, and from time to time find out some small diamonds.
Where is the original mine of the rhinestone?
Potassium-magnesium lamprophyre and kimberlite are two kinds of rocks mainly producing diamonds. At present, the two primary mines found in Wafangdian and Mengyin County of Liaoning are all kimberlites, and the Boshui basin is a potash-magnesium lamprophyre.
The potassium-magnesium lamprophyre is easily weathered into sand, and the climate in Hunan is mild and the precipitation is abundant, which causes the diamond to migrate with the flowing water, which makes it difficult for the original mine to find work. Many years ago, some experts thought that it was from the Wuyang River in Yunwu Mountain, Guizhou Province, to the Lishui River, but this assumption has been basically overthrown. At present, the key prospecting areas have been locked in Longtong Village, Qutang Town, Xinhua County, Zhujinba Village, Da Ligang Town, Taojiang County, and Longnouzui Village, Mozhen Town, Guzhang County.
The final regret today is Hunan local gem collector Zheng Jianrong. Ten years ago, he also saw the 3 carat rare pink diamond. "The most stupid thing is me. I didn't buy it. Now where can I find such a good and cheap drill?"
The beryl Under the curtain of the mountain, he opened up more than 20 pieces of debris. The first thing that was first exploited was the emerald, which was ranked among the world's "four gems" with rubies, sapphires and diamonds. More than 6,000 years ago, the ancient Babylonians Before the statue of the goddess, more than 4,000 years ago, a mountainous desert named WadiSisat produced a gem in Egypt, which was loved by Cleopatra, and she named the mine with her own name.
Emerald is the most prominent member of the beryl family. Aquamarine and gold emerald are its brothers and sisters, and they are called "rich families." Hunan does not produce emeralds, but Hunan is a beryl producer.
Very few people know the existence of Hunan Beryl. On May 13th, after many inquiries, we finally found a large number of green pillars produced in the Mufu Mountain in the Luojing Mountain Range on the rooftop of Chen Zhuangjun, a villager in Jianshan Village, Meixian Town, Pingjiang County. He opened the dark utility room on the top of the building, and fished out more than 20 beryls from the water-filled pots. They lined up in the sunlight - naturally generating hexagonal columns, emerald green is not obvious, but It is a faint sky blue.
This beryl is up to half a meter and has a diameter of more than 30 centimeters. 18 years ago, Chen Zhuangjun’s brother-in-law carefully wrapped it in paper and met with Zheng Jianrong at the Changsha East Bus Station. Zheng Jianrong bought it at the East Station for five thousand yuan. Now, its worth has reached hundreds of thousands of yuan. Pingjiang County wants to buy this "county treasure" from Zheng Jianrong several times, and they are not willing to do so.
The concentrated mining peak of beryl in Pingjiang County was around 2000, which was a by-product of the mining process of the main mineral feldspar mine. In recent years, due to private mining of mines, which seriously damaged vegetation and caused geological disasters, the government banned private mining, and beryl has been difficult to find. In addition to the Mulan Mountain in Pingjiang County, a small amount of beryl was found in the Lianyun Mountain Range in Liuyang City and the Hengshan Mountain Range in Hengyang County. The difference between the two places is that the former is a by-product of aquamarine, and the latter is a by-product of gold emerald.
When beryl contains traces of divalent iron ions, it is azure or sea blue. This mineral crystal is called aquamarine, and the good aquamarine is transparent and flawless. In the Pingjiang mining area, they were sold as soon as they were discovered, leaving behind defective products that were not sold at all, translucent and containing impurities. However, many pure aquamarine treasures can be seen in the exhibition hall of the Bozhou Mining Expo. The production area is mainly Pakistan. When beryl contains trace amounts of ferric ions, it appears as a golden snake or a light lemon yellow, which is a gold emerald, also called an emerald. Jinkeng Village, Daban Town, Liuyang City has a record of production of gold and emeralds. It has caused “stone-seeking heatâ€, but gold emeralds are extremely rare. Due to small quantities, dispersion and environmental protection, there is no mining. Baishi Peak in Hengyang County is one of the 72 peaks of Hengshan Mountain in Nanyue. Its beryl and gold emeralds have not been mined for environmental reasons.
Abstract Few people have heard of Hunan gemstones, even though it is around. The so-called night pearl can be processed from the fluorite produced in Ganzhou, and the proven reserves of 743,000 carats of diamonds on the banks of the waters have been seen since the Daoguang years and have been mined. You are more difficult...
Few people have heard of Hunan Gems, even though it is around. The so-called night pearl can be processed from the fluorite produced in Ganzhou, and the proven reserves of 743,000 carats of diamonds on the banks of the waters have been seen since the Daoguang years and have been mined.