First, security management 1. What are the main characteristics of building construction? The characteristics of building construction are mainly determined by the characteristics of the building products. Compared with other industrial products, building products have the characteristics of large volume, complexity, diversity, indistinguishability, and difficulty in moving, so that in addition to the basic characteristics of general industrial production, building construction also has the following main features: 1 The liquidity of production. Firstly, the construction organization shifts the production site as a result of changes in the location of the building or structure; second, the construction personnel and various types of machinery and electrical equipment along the construction site vary along the construction object in the construction process of a project. Flow around, continue to shift the operating site. 2 The product is in various forms. Because of the different natural conditions and uses of a building, the structure, shape, and material of the project are also different. The construction method will surely change and it will be difficult to achieve standardization. 3 The construction technology is complicated. The construction of a building often requires multiple types of work in accordance with the structure of the building, and multiple units (earth and stone work, civil works, hoisting, installation, transportation, etc.) are intercrossed and constructed. The types of materials and equipment used are numerous, and therefore the requirements for construction organization and construction technology management are relatively high. high. 4 There are many open air and high altitude operations. Building products are large in size and have a long production cycle. Construction is often performed in open air and high places, and is often affected by natural weather conditions. 5 The degree of mechanization is low. At present, the degree of mechanization of construction in our country is still very low, and we still have to rely on a large number of manual operations. 2. What are the work contents of building construction safety management? Building construction enterprises to do a good job in safety construction should pay attention to the following tasks: 1 Think seriously. 2 Establish a safety production management system. It includes the safety production education system (safety education when new workers enter the site or mobilize jobs, safety education for special types of work such as shelves, lifting, and electrical, as well as regular safety production education), and the responsibility system for safety production (established step by step ,Manage production and management security at the same time), safety technical measures plan system (in the preparation of annual production, technology, financial plan, the company must prepare safety technical measures plan), regular inspection system (regular safety inspection), casualties Investigate and deal with the investigation (handle the accident to do the analysis of the cause of the accident, the person responsible for the accident and the people are educated, and decided to take new preventive measures). 3 Establish a dedicated security agency and a full-time security technician. 4 Effectively ensure that employees perform construction operations under safe conditions. All kinds of temporary construction facilities must comply with national standards, and all kinds of safety protection devices must be reliable and effective. 5 Take targeted security technical measures. Safety technology measures shall be formulated after in-depth investigation and study according to the characteristics of the project. We must also do a good job in the delivery of security technology. 3. What are the major responsibilities of the construction company's security agencies? The safety organization of a construction company is the decision-making and leadership department of the company's safe production. Its main responsibilities are: 1 Implement the party's and country's production safety policies and labor protection policies and regulations. 2 Do a good job of propaganda, education and management of safety production, summarize exchanges and promote advanced experience. 3 Regularly go deep into the grassroots to guide the work of safety management personnel at the construction site, master safety production, investigate and study the insecurity in construction, and put forward suggestions and measures for improvement. 4 Organize safety activities and regular safety inspections. 5 Participate in the review of the construction organization design or construction plan, formulate the safety technical measure plan, supervise and inspect the implementation. 6 Work with relevant departments to do a good job in the safety technical training, assessment, and issuance of new workers and special types of workers. 7 Statistics, analysis and reports of accidents at work, participation in the investigation and handling of accidents at work. 8 Stop the illegal command and illegal operations. In case of serious danger, the company has the right to suspend the construction and report to the leaders in a timely manner. 9 Violations of the regulations on production safety and related safety technology laws and regulations are persuasive and dissuasive. 4. What is the responsibility for leading production safety of construction companies? While the leaders of construction enterprises are managing production, they must establish and improve the responsibility system for safety production at all levels. The legal representative of a construction company is the first person responsible for the safety of the unit and is responsible for the overall safety of the unit. The main safety responsibilities of the person-in-charge in charge of production are: conscientiously implementing the party’s and national production safety guidelines, policies, decrees, and regulations; conscientiously implementing the safety production system and safety operating procedures, and supervising relevant departments to check the implementation; Employees carry out safety production education; examine and approve technical measures and plan to implement safety technology measures; allocate full-time safety management personnel to support the work of safety management departments and safety management personnel; lead the safety inspection work of their own units and organize investigations and analysis of safety accidents. deal with. The main safety production responsibilities of the leaders of other companies in charge of technical work are: conscientiously implementing the national production safety guidelines, policies, and safety technical standards and norms, formulating specific measures in light of the technological status of the unit, and checking implementation and implementation; At the scene, safety inspections are conducted to solve safety technical problems in construction in a timely manner; staff safety technical knowledge training is organized and safety education for new workers is performed; safety production experience is exchanged and communicated, advancement is commended, and penalties are imposed on those who violate regulations; The accident analyzes the causes from the technical and other aspects, and presents opinions and measures for improvement. 5. What security responsibility does the project manager have? The project manager is the main responsible person for the construction project and the first person responsible for the safety production of the construction project. His main security responsibilities are: 1 Conscientiously implement the national production safety guidelines, policies, decrees, rules and regulations, and the construction organization design or construction plan approved by the superior. If the construction organization design or construction plan needs to be modified, it must be approved by the original establishment and approval unit. 2 In planning, layout, inspection, summarizing, and appraisal of production activities, safety work must be carried through to every specific link at the same time. When there is a contradiction between production and safety, production must be subject to safety. 3 Do a good job in the safe production of construction projects. Organize the project construction personnel to implement the safety production regulations and do not violate the regulations. 4 Strengthen the education of employees' safety in production. 5 accidents and attempted accidents, to protect the scene and immediately reported. 6 Organize safety inspection and acceptance of environmental safety and safety protection facilities and production equipment on the construction site, and organize weekly safety inspections on construction projects. 6. What are the major safety responsibilities of the production team leader? The production team is the basic unit for building construction. In addition to mastering construction technology, quality standards and other issues, the production team leader is also responsible for the safety production of the current team. Its main security responsibilities are: 1 Carefully observe the safety regulations and related safety production systems. Arrange the work according to the technical, physical, and ideological aspects of the personnel of the current team and be responsible for the safety and health of the personnel of the current team during production. 2 Organize the staff of this team to learn safety regulations and systems, check the implementation, conduct on-site safety education for the newly transferred workers, and designate someone to take care of their personal safety before they are familiar with the work environment. 3 Regularly check the safety production situation of the construction site, and find out that the problem should be resolved or reported in a timely manner. 4 Occupational accidents should be recorded in detail, reported in a timely manner, and the entire team should be organized to make a careful analysis, learn lessons, and propose preventive measures. 5 After listening to the guidance of a full-time security officer, he has the right to reject the instruction. The staff of the entire class of education adhered to their posts and did a good job of getting on and off work and self-inspection work. 6 Support the work of the team security personnel, adopt the correct opinions of the security personnel in a timely manner, and initiate the staff of the entire class to work together to ensure safe production. 7. What are the safety responsibilities of the part-time security staff in the class? The part-time and part-time security staff are security technicians responsible for safety production propaganda, education, inspection and supervision in the team. Its main security responsibilities are: 1Executively implement the rules and regulations of safety production and the related safety requirements put forward by the leaders. Assist the team leader in the safety work of his team and accept the professional guidance of the full-time safety personnel. 2 Assist the team leader to organize safety study in the whole class, strengthen daily safety education and publicity work, and do well in safety education for new workers. 3 Reflect the safety production of the team and the requirements of the employees, and assist in implementing the improvement measures. 4 Manage the safety equipment, facilities, signs and other equipment of this team. 5 To discover and deal with potential accidents in a timely manner, report them in time for hidden dangers that cannot be dealt with, and have the power to stop illegal operations, and have the right to boycott and leapfrog in reporting violations of command. 8. What are the safety responsibilities of construction workers? Construction workers are production workers who participate in construction activities. Its main safety responsibilities are as follows: 1 Keep in mind that " safety production is everyone's responsibility " , establish a " safety first " mentality, actively participate in safety activities, and receive safety education. 2 Conscientiously study and master the safety operation procedures and related safety knowledge of this type of work, conscientiously abide by the various systems of safety production, follow the instructions of the safety personnel, and do not violate the rules for risky operations. 3 Proper use of protective equipment and safety facilities, protection of safety signs, obedience to distribution, adherence to positions, unwillingness to activate mechanical and electrical equipment operated by others, no special work performed without certificates, strict compliance with post responsibility system and safety operation procedures. 4In the event of an accident or attempted accident, immediately report to the team leader, participate in the accident analysis, draw lessons from the accident, and actively propose reasonable suggestions for promoting safe production and improving working conditions. 5 Has the right to leapfrog reports on everything that violates safety production. In the case of operations that jeopardize personal safety and no guarantees, they have the right to refuse construction and immediately report or cross-report to relevant departments. Second, security technology 9. What is the construction organization design or construction plan? The construction of a building is a relatively complicated task. It is necessary to organize the cooperation of multiple types of work and multiple units (such as: pile foundation, civil works, lifting, installation, decoration, etc.). In order to complete certain construction tasks in the event that quality, progress, and benefits are all assured, a work plan must be prepared to co-ordinate overall and scientific arrangements, that is, construction organization design or construction plan. The construction organization design or construction plan is an important technical and economic document for guiding construction. In a project, if there is no construction organization design or construction plan that is based on the characteristics of the project, combined with the environment of the construction site and the objective conditions of the construction unit before the construction of the project, it will inevitably result in the waste of manpower, material resources, and financial resources. On the other hand, whether the construction organization design or construction plan meets the safety requirements is extremely important for ensuring the safety of the entire project. Therefore, each unit must prepare engineering construction design or ideological construction program, the preparation of the design technical staff to firmly establish the "safety first". 10. Why do we have to develop targeted safety technical measures in the construction organization design or construction plan? The construction organization design or construction plan is the basis for realizing the modernized construction management of construction enterprises. According to this, the company can organize and arrange the labor force rationally, select effective construction equipment and advanced construction technology, and complete the construction project in high quality and at a low cost. In the construction organization design or construction plan, it is necessary to develop targeted safety technical measures because: 1 This is a clear state regulation on safe production. For example, the "Technical Code for Safety in Construction and Installation Engineering" stipulates: " The technical leader of the construction unit must be familiar with the provisions of this regulation. He should propose safety technical measures in the preparation of the construction organization design, and he should explain the safe operation methods to the workers. " 2 This is a concrete guarantee against industrial accidents and occupational diseases. The characteristics of the construction, the characteristics of the selected mechanical equipment, and the materials used are harmful to the physical health of the construction workers. Taking technical measures to prevent accidents and occupational diseases can be effectively avoided. 3 This is a necessary measure to improve economic efficiency and fulfill project tasks according to quality. If no serious consideration is given to the construction safety in the design of the project, it will certainly bring danger to the construction process. Once an accident is caused, the loss will be significant. If a construction program due to improper selection of crane machinery, mechanical overload in illegal operations, and finally decided to replace mechanical, split in a dress, not only caused a few thousand dollars of economic losses, and delayed more than 10 days duration. 11. What is the role of safety technical measures in the safe production of construction? Effective safety technology measures can play a role in improving the working conditions, eliminating hidden hazards, and reducing accidents during the construction process, and can relieve workers of mental stress, increase safety, and increase production efficiency. Specifically: 1 Safety technology measures can play a preventive role and eliminate accidents before they happen. Such as the installation of electrical equipment leakage protection devices, etc., can effectively avoid the occurrence of electric shocks. The cranes are equipped with various protective devices and safety devices, which can automatically stop or stop the machine once it crosses the boundary. This can effectively prevent accidents such as overloading, suspension, and derailment. 2 Safety technology measures can avoid the harm caused by operational errors. People's attention is not only limited, but also affected by various factors. Therefore, it is difficult for people to rely solely on their attention to achieve safe production. Safety technical measures can enable workers to effectively ensure safety when they make mistakes in their operations. 12. How can we formulate the safety technical measures for building construction? First of all, technical personnel who compile the construction organization design or construction plan cannot build a car behind closed doors, but must go deep into the construction site to carry out serious observations and investigations and master first-hand information. This is a good preparation of construction organization design or construction plan and safety technical measures. The necessary conditions. If compilers are not familiar with the situation of engineering projects and do not understand the role of safety technology measures, then they can only put forward some generalized, sloganized things. This kind of thing is not a function of safety technology measures. Second, in the preparation of safety technology measures, we must be targeted. Mainly for these characteristics: ①the structural characteristics of different projects likely to harm the construction of the seat belt to take measures technically, remove the risk, to ensure construction safety. 2 In view of the characteristics of using construction methods, in order to ensure safe construction, different measures should be adopted technically. (3) The unsafe factors that may be caused to the construction personnel for the various machinery, equipment, and power distribution facilities selected are controlled from technical measures and safety devices. 4 According to the characteristics of the physical health materials of the harmful construction workers used in the project, measures shall be taken from the requirements of labor hygiene and technical measures to protect them. 5 Take technical measures to protect the hazards caused by the transportation of construction personnel or surrounding residents and materials and equipment according to the characteristics of the construction site and the surrounding environment. 13. What are the main contents of safety technical measures for building construction? The main technical contents of the safety measures for building construction include: the size of the earth and stone excavation slope and the measures to adopt solid wall support; the load calculation of the lifting frame and scaffolding, the anchorage measures, procedures and methods for erection and demolition; and the erection of safety nets for scaffolding construction. Procedures and methods for setting up multi-layered cross-cutting work; method of hanging the seat belts at high altitudes in hoisting works; technical requirements for construction equipment brakes; methods and technical requirements for zero earthing of protective equipment for electrical equipment; blasting works Requirements for the amount and time of use of the drug and its guard time and safety range; Procedures and methods for the removal of existing buildings and structures; Locations and safety distances for flammable goods warehouses; Configuration of fire-fighting equipment on site and fire prevention measures; Chemical properties of anti-corrosion materials Safety precautions Matters; Measures for the protection of construction works from surrounding roads and houses; Measures for lightning protection of metal structures above the surrounding lightning protection facilities. Safety technical measures shall be formulated according to the actual conditions of the project, and strive to be specific and practical. For special projects with complex structures and many construction features, special safety technical measures must be prepared in addition to general safety measures. 14. How to implement the safety technical measures in construction? In implementing security technical measures, we must do a good job in the delivery and inspection of safety technical measures. Prior to the start of the project, along with the design of the construction organization, the safety technical measures were handed over to all those who participated in the construction operations, so that everyone could know what time and work to do, what measures should be taken, and their importance. Before the commencement of each individual project, the safety technical measures for the project shall be repeatedly explained, and the people shall be mobilized to formulate individual operation methods to ensure the construction safety. During the construction process, safety preparers, construction technicians, project managers, and safety personnel must check whether safety technical measures are implemented at any time and pass inspections to promptly correct violations of safety technical measures and discover and supplement safety technologies. The lack of measures makes it more perfect and effective. In addition, publicity and education work is also one aspect of implementing safety technology measures. According to the progress of the project and the characteristics of the type of work, a slogan full of warnings can be posted to enable the workers to carry out the work according to the construction procedures and operating rules; or to use the various propaganda methods to remind the workers to pay attention to the safety production in light of the specific conditions on the site. In short, the implementation of safety technology measures in construction can take many forms, but it must be easily accepted by the people and can be seen quickly in action. 15. Why do construction inspections require safety inspections? Security inspection is an effective way to discover and eliminate hidden dangers in time and prevent them from happening. The huge volume of building construction products and the high operation at many heights, together with the long construction period and complicated technology, bring a lot of unsafe factors to the construction and production. Through the combination of leadership and the safety inspection of the people, we can effectively find problems, take timely measures, and eliminate the accident before it occurs. The safety inspection can also summarize the good experience of safe production in a timely manner, set a typical model, promote it to the surface, and continuously improve the level of safety management. Launching the masses to conduct safety inspections can inspire the people to participate in the enthusiasm of safety management, but also educate the people to raise awareness of safe production awareness and consciously improve safety production. In addition, security inspections can often be a warning to ignore the idea of ​​safe production, and promptly correct violations of command and illegal operations. 16. What are the " ten safety measures " for building construction ? 1 Use safety " three treasures " as required ; 2 The safety protection device for machinery and equipment must be complete and effective; 3 Lifting equipment such as tower cranes, people elevators, and material hoists must have limited safety devices. They must not be allowed to operate with “ diseases, †and should not be overloaded or maintained in service. 4 Distribution line erection must meet the technical specifications for temporary electricity safety at the construction site; 5Electrical machinery and hand-held power tools should be provided with leakage protection devices; 6 scaffolding materials and scaffold erection must meet the requirements of the specification; 7 Special operators must hold certificates; 8 The " four ports " and " five sides " of the construction in progress must take protective measures; 9 It is strictly forbidden to use barefoot or wear high heels and slippers to enter the construction site. High-end jobs are not allowed to wear hard-to-shoe or slippery shoes with nails. 10 Warning signs should be placed on the dangerous parts of the construction site and a red light warning should be set up at night. 17. What are the fire prevention measures at the construction site? To ensure the fire safety of construction sites, in addition to the attention of construction management personnel at all levels, it is also necessary to take practical fire prevention measures. There are: 1 In the preparation of the design of the construction organization, the layout of the construction site, construction methods, etc. shall be considered in conjunction with the fire safety requirements. Such as the construction of temporary facilities, the use of fire, electricity and the use of flammable and explosive safety management. 2 Do a good job in firefighting, conduct firefighting training education, and organize employees to learn firefighting knowledge. The scene should have obvious signs of fire prevention and fire control system. 3 The establishment of a unified fire management system, such as welding, gas welding, paint and other types of fire hazards, to develop strict operating procedures. 4 Fire lanes on the construction site must be guaranteed to be unobstructed under any circumstances. 5 The site should have fire water. Fire hoses should be larger than 100 mm in diameter or equipped with adequate fire-fighting equipment. 6 Establish an obligatory firefighting team and strengthen professional training and education for the obligatory firefighters. 18. What are the grading regulations for high-level operations in China? The so-called high work is an operation performed at a place where it is likely to fall 2 meters or more (including 2 meters ) from the height of the descent. The level of falling through the lowest drop point is called the descent height datum. The lowest point where the job site may fall is called the lowest drop point of the job site. The height at the working area is the maximum value among the vertical distances between the working positions of the working area and the reference surface of the corresponding drop height. High-level operations can be divided into levels: first-level high operations (operating height of 2-5 meters ), second-high operations (operating height of 5-15 meters ), and third-level operations (operating height of 15- 30 meters ) and high-grade homework (operating height of 30 meters or more). The construction enterprise shall formulate different safety technical regulations according to the grading standards for high-level operations, combined with the construction conditions and operating characteristics of the enterprise. 19. What is the " Sambo " protective measure? " Safety three treasures " refers to the necessary safety helmets, seat belts, and safety nets for on-site construction work. They have saved the lives of many construction workers in preventing falls and object-strike accidents. Correct use of the " three treasures " protective measures should be: 1 The Safety Helmet must be worn when entering the construction site. A gap of 4-5 cm should be maintained between the cap liner and the cap shell, and the cap should be fastened to prevent it from falling off. 2 Everyone who hangs at more than 2 meters must wear a safety belt. If the hanging point does not have the condition of a seat belt, safety ropes or safety railings should be provided. 3 The safety net must be set below the point where the air is high. 20. How to use and store the seat belt? Seatbelt pre-exposed workers is the height of fall arrest protective equipment, from the tape, rope and metal parts components. In the use and storage should pay attention to the following aspects: ①should be properly selected according to the types and uses, such as the choice of J1XY scaffolders scaffolders suspension type I (large hook) belted single belt. 2 Safety belts should use certified products, and should be stopped when worn, broken, deteriorated, or subjected to shocks. After two years of use, random inspections will be conducted and qualified personnel will continue to use them. Belts that have been subjected to impact tests cannot be reused. 3 Seat belts should be hung low for use, taking care to avoid swing collisions. 4 Do not use the rope knotted. Allowed the hook directly linked to the safety rope used, should be linked to the connecting rings. The ropes should not be tied to moving objects and should be hung on solid building components. 5 Safety ropes should avoid sharp corners, spikes, blades, etc. Avoid contact with open flames and acid-base chemicals. Frequently used ropes should be checked visually. If there is any abnormality, they should be replaced immediately. 6 Safety belts should be protected from the sun and rain, and usually stored in a dry, ventilated warehouse. 21, "four" and "five limb" protective measures What does it mean? The “ four-mouth †and “ five-edge †protective measures are: In order to effectively prevent high-level crashes and object-strike accidents during construction, all of them are on stairways, elevators (including garbage outlets), and reserved openings. Barriers or cover plates must be provided and safety nets must be erected; all entrances and exits of the buildings under construction must be built with strong protective shelters. In the construction process, has not been installed outside the balcony railing, roof edge protection without outer frame periphery, the periphery of the floor frame works, the runway (ramps) on both sides, the outer sides of the discharge station, etc., must be provided two 1.2 m high Road protection railings, feet or set up a protective net. 22. How does the construction site carry out lightning protection? Lightning impulses can reach hundreds of thousands to millions of volts. Once a house is struck by lightning, it will cause electrical equipment to catch fire and explode, causing damage to equipment and facilities, power outages, and electric shocks. High-rise building construction sites due to the surrounding cranes, derricks, gantry, scaffolding stands tall, easy to be struck by lightning, but also should do a good job of lightning protection. The commonly used lightning protection devices for buildings include lightning rods, lightning protection lines, lightning protection nets, lightning protection strips, and arresters. A complete lightning protection device includes a lightning arrester, a down conductor, and a grounding device. The main lightning protection measures for building construction include: The main ribs of the concrete columns of the building structure should be grounded at all times to prevent lightning strike during construction; the metal doors and windows of each floor should be connected with the main ribs of the concrete frame at any time; And the cable sheath is connected to the ground at the entrance to the building, and the iron frame and she Disposable Wear
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